The Clifton Suspension Bridge

FunctionThe Clifton Suspension Bridge was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel and completed in 1864. The span spans 214m across the Avon Valley Gorge from Clifton to Leigh forests as shown in figure 3. The towers are 26.2m high and the span concatenation has a breadth of 6.1m Centres to center. There are two vehicle lanes and two prosaic waies. The prosaic paseo is to boot used as a sing topographic point along the Avon gorge. There are about 10,000 autos traversing per twenty-four hours with a gross vehicle weight bound of four dozenss. The toll for the span is presently 50p ( 27/11/09 ) . Bing an historic span, the construction requires changeless services which the tolls fund. The velocity bound on the span is presently 15mph and the weight bound is controlled utilizing a modern weight beam ( Mitchell-Baker, D. Et al 1988 ) . The span was designed to originally take the weight of Equus caballuss and passenger cars. The site location was chosen because of its short and flat span.St ructureThe span takes the signifier of a convention suspension span. This signifier was ambitious at the clip of design and if it was completed on agenda it would hold been the longest suspension span in the universe. The suspension span was a suited pick for two chief grounds. The first ground is that the tallness between the deck and the river below is 75m and to build a tower would be expensive. It besides would hold been expensive to build any signifier work. A suspension span can be constructed without the assistance of signifier work and Brunel ‘s design did non necessitate a tower compared with Telford proposal which included two Gothics styled towers ( Moore, Fuller. 1999 ) . The 2nd ground is that the strength of the environing topography allowed the being of ground tackles. In state of affairss where a suspension span would be suited, the status of the land is unsuitable for bearing the force per unit area from the overseas telegrams. One of the disadvantage of utili zing a suspension span on the site is that it can merely be a individual span. The ground tackles have to take the entire tenseness of the concatenation compared with a three span span where the deck on the side span acts as a counter weight, alleviating tenseness in the ground tackle. The construction is formed chiefly of a long concatenation, similar to a motorcycle concatenation, two towers and the span deck. As it is shown in figure 5 the concatenation is formed of three sub-layers on each side, each bed dwelling of an jumping 10 and 11 level wrought Fe bars. By increasing the figure of concatenation beds the overall opportunity of prostration lessenings. The level wrought Fe bars were designed to be every bit long as operable. The long bars decrease the entire weight of the ironss by cut downing the sum of heavy articulations. . By increasing the sum of ironss, the construction becomes less reliant on each person concatenation ; hence failure of a concatenation should non take to prostration. The dip to cross ration of the ironss contribute to the efficiency of the construction. High span to depth ratios cause high tenseness in the concatenation, this is because of the way of the concatenation reacts about perpendicular to the weight, making an inefficient construction. Low span to depth ratios do a more efficient concatenation but the tallness of the towers have to increase hence increasing the cost. The most effectual span to depth ratio is about 1:10 which is what was adopted by Brunel for the span. This is an betterment to the 1:13.5 ratio which Telford antecedently adopted on the Menai span. The chief catenary ironss are non attached straight to the deck at mid span ; this is done to let the chief deck to hover freely in the air current without seting strain on the ironss ( Pugsley, Sir A. 1976 ) , ( Porter G. 1974 ) . Hanging at 8ft intervals are the shaped Fe rods, which transfer the burden onto the concatenation. The array of rods is designed to oppose prostration if a individual rod should neglect. The rods are attached slackly between the concatenation and longitudinal girder, see figure 5 ; this allows motion which decreases the opportunity of failure from span motion. This so imposes a perpendicular downward force onto the towers and tenseness along the concatenation and in the ground tackles. The longitudinal girder as shown in figure 5, is a uninterrupted stiffened I beam. The girder is 3ft deep and connects the cross girder to the rods. The original design proposed by Brunel used a timber lattice girder with a matching stiffness, but by the clip of the Bridgess building the lumber lattice was replaced by an Fe plated girder. The girder takes the emphasis applied to a individual articulation on the concatenation and traverses it along the longitudinal length of the concatenation. As illustrated in figure 4, a truss construction is adopted for the cross girders. The truss construction is a really strong and efficient construction along the length. The shallow deepness allows thin strips to organize the trusses without clasping. The place of the cross girder is shown in figure 5. The cross girders are braced horizontally utilizing thin Fe strips to respond against air current burden. The quadrangle form deforms under burden by rotary motion at the articulations. The brace forms a triangular molded construction ; distortion in the triangular molded construction occurs by flexing of each member, therefore increasing the elements stiffness. Live tonss are transferred onto the lumber beams which span between each cross girder ; using a perpendicular burden and doing a bending minute in the girder. The lumber decking was chosen because it was light and suitably strong ; it besides allows easy accessible fixs. A shaped Fe adorning frame was added by Barlow and Hawkshaw to increase rigidness. The saddles are situated on top of the towers. The saddles allow sidelong motion of the ironss. Lateral motion occurs due to temperature alterations or unsymmetrical burden. The saddles besides allow the perpendicular emphasis to be reduced in the rock tower by increasing the contact country, understating the hazard of oppressing the rock. The ground tackles are 17m below the land and the ironss are spread into a chamber to make a stable foundation. The spreading of the concatenation allows the tenseness to be opposed by the compaction of the drop, non entirely trusting on the clash. The advantage of this is that the strength of the ground tackles increases ; it besides takes advantage of the strong limestone foundation. ( Pugsley, A. 1976. )StrengthThe constructions weight bound for vehicles is presently four dozenss. This weight bound was introduced about 50 old ages ago when applied scientists decided that the big tonss and weariness could take to fall in. The sum of vehicles on the span at one clip is controlled by the toll booths. This is done to cut down the entire burden on the span at any minute. Brunel designed the span to defy an adventitious burden of 100lbf/sq.ft which is about equal to 4.7 KPa of force per unit area ( Porter G, R.F.D. 1974 ) . . This is simular to the unrecorded burden which is adopted on modern Bridgess with similar spans ( Bangash, M, Y, H. 1999 )ConstructionAfter planing the span, the foundations and abutments were the first elements to be constructed. Then the towers were the following thing to be constructed. The ironss were pulled across by rope and so the deck was attached to the concatenation.CareBetween 1864 and 1953 the lumber decking had been replaced three times and the ironwork had been treated twice and at the terminal of this period was still in good status. Two suspender rods had failed in a terrible storm in 1877 and three more had failed in 1887. Both occasions the exact cause of the failure is still non convincingly known. In 1861 a 6 metric ton vehicle weight bound was appointed to the span. The size and weight of vehicles was continuously increasing and applied scientists were concerned with the Bridgess construction. It was based on the theory that repeated lading on metal causes its hempen construction to go crystallite. In 1918 one every 10 bolts from the rods were removed for proving, and they were all found to be of equal strength though some cleft appeared ; these clefts were likely to happen from hammering. The drainage of the span had caused serious corrosion to anchor degree ironss. In 1925 an excess nexus was added to the ironss but there were still concerns for the ground tackles status. To get the better of this concern concrete was poured to a deepness of above 9ft above the ground tackle. In 1953 the duty of the span was passed to the trusses and the national heritage. The point burden of wheels was known to be more detrimental to the deck than to the construction as a whole, doing the deck to be once more in a terrible status. The weight bound was so changed from 6 ton bound to 2.5 ton axle weight and 4 ton vehicle weight. ( Mitchell-Baker, D. . Cullimore, M. S. G. 1988 ) In 2009 a prosaic noticed a serious cleft in one of the suspension rods and the closing of the span followed. Impermanent supports were put in topographic point while the rod was replaced. A twelvemonth earlier work to better the sealing, drainage and new route surface was completed. This would diminish the sum of corrosion of the Fe work. ( BBC News. 2009 )AestheticssThe span is really aesthetically delighting, it has few single elements, and each component is similar in map. The girders are really thin and it has a uninterrupted span which besides makes it more appealing to people, most people would hold the span is beautiful. The form of the construction besides reflects the force applied to it, being dilutant in the center and thicker as it gets towards the borders where the greater minutes would happen. The span besides has a bold and dramatic lineation when viewed from along the vale ( Gottermoeller, F. 1998 ) . The towers are curved so that they appear tall from below, organiz ing a bold construction. The towers are besides in good proportions compared with the immediate surrounding and harmonious in three dimensions. The span is constructed utilizing locally sourced stuffs, incorporating the construction into the environment. ( Chen, W et Al. 1999 ) . The span is 3ft higher on the Clifton side. This is done to halt the semblance that the span deck is falling towards the drop.

Human Factor in Aviation Maintenance Essay

Abstract In the aviation industry, human error is consider as a major factor in most aviation accidents. Maintenance tasks that are performed incorrectly or are overlooked by maintenance crew would cause human errors. Examples of human errors in maintenance are installation of incorrect parts, essential checks not being performed and failed to install wanted parts. Among all aviation-related threats, errors made by maintenance crew are more difficult to detect and have the potential to remain dormant, affecting the safe operation of aircraft for longer duration. Although maintenance crews are responsible for their actions, organization problems also contributed to the threat of maintenance errors. Since it is not possible to eliminate all maintenance errors, introducing safety management systems (SMS) to aviation organizations can help identify hazards and control risk. Human factors issues in aviation maintenance Maintenance tasks may be carried out in confined spaces, at heights, under burning heat or in freezing cold and worst of all, it is also physically demanding. Good communication, coordination, clerical and focusing skills are needed to perform well in this environment. Fault analysis and rectification have to be solved quickly in order to minimize turnaround time. In addition, there would be latent emotional stress on maintenance personnel whose work has been involved in aviation accidents. However unlike aircrafts, humans do not come with a set of instructional manuals that helps us to understand their performance and capabilities. Each and every individual varies in many ways, hence one will never know how one maintenance task attributed to errors. Aviation industries become aware of many unpredictable accidents coming from human errors due to different contributing factors (Refer to Figure 1 for a graphical illustration on human error vs contributing factors) (Takahiro S, Terry L, William D, 2008)  and have taken steps to implement preventive or control measures. Factors contributing to human errors in maintenance Statistics have shown that 80% of errors are contributed due to human errors while the remaining percentage is due to mechanical or other failures. (Refer to Figure 2 for a graphical illustration on human error contribution percentile) (â€Å"Strategic program plan,† 2007) There is also a breakdown showing which type of maintenance activities having higher rate of human errors. (Refer to Table1, Frequency of Human error vs Type of maintenance activity) (Goldman, 2002) The Pear Model Four important human factors of the Pear Model (Refer to Figure 5 for graphical illustration) are: People who do the job, environment in which they work, actions they perform and resources  necessary to complete the job. People Human factors program focus on people who perform the work and attend to physical,  physiological, psychological and psychosocial factors. Organization must focus on individuals,  their physical capabilities, mental state, cognitive size and circumstances that may affect their  interaction with others. Factors like each person ‘s size, age, eyesight, strength, endurance,  experience, motivation and certification standards must be taken into consideration before each  person is tasked to work. Sufficient breaks and rest periods must be catered  to ensure each  person is not overload. Organization should encourage more teamwork and communications  between colleagues so that work accomplished will be safe and efficient. Offering educational  programs on health and fitness can help encourage good health and help reduce sick leave.  Hence, a good human factors program will consider all the limitations of humans and designs the  job accordingly. Environment Physical workplace in the hanger/shop and organization environment are environments  that are focused on human factors program. Conditions like temperature, lighting, noise control,  cleanliness, humidity and workplace design are considered physical environment. Cooperation,  mutual respect, culture of the organization, communication, leadership, shared goals and shared  values are important factors in an excellent organizational environment. Actions The standard human factors approach to identify skills, knowledge and  attitudes to  perform each task in a given job is called Job Task Analysis (JTA). It helps to identify what  instructions, tools and other resources needed to perform each task. By following exactly to the  JTA, each worker will be properly trained and each workplace will also has the necessary  equipment and other resources to perform the job. Resources Resources are viewed from a broad angle, such as anything that is needed to get the job  accomplished. Resources that are tangible are test equipment, tools, lifts, computers and  technical manuals, and so forth. Amount of time given, level of communication among people of  different levels, the number and qualifications of staff to complete a job are considered resources  that are less tangible. The most important element under resources is to identify the need for  additional resources. Accidents linked to maintenance Japan Airlines Flight 123 In August 1985, Japan Airlines flight 123 claimed the lives of 520 people when it crashed into a mountain. It was bound for a short flight from Tokyo to Osaka but at the altitude of 24,000ft, the aircraft suddenly lost control due to the failure of the rear pressure bulkhead and caused the whole cabin to suffer a sudden decompression. The impact of the escaping air caused the separation of the vertical stabilizer, rudder, hydraulic lines and four pressurized hydraulic systems. Investigations revealed that the aircraft had encountered a tail strike incident a few years ago. The repair work done on the aft bulkhead did not comply with the OEM recommended procedure as two doubler plates instead of a single plate were used to do the splice. (Refer to Figure 3 for an illustration of the repair) Eastern Airlines Flight 855 On May 5, 1983, Eastern Airlines flight 855 was on a flight from Miami, U.S. to Nassau, Bahamas. The plane carried a total of 172 people. While making a descend, the low oil pressure warning indicator on the center engine lighted up. The flight crew shut-off the center engine and decided to return back to Miami with the remaining two engines. On the way back to Miami, the aircraft’s low oil pressure warning indicators for the remaining two engines lighted up followed by flamed out within minutes. Luckily the flight crew managed to re-start the center engine again after the aircraft descended from 13,000ft to 4,000ft without any power. After the aircraft landed safely at Miami airport with one engine, no live loss or injuries were claimed. The investigation board concluded the cause of the incident was due to all three magnetic chip detectors on the engines had been installed without O-rings (Refer to Figure 4 for an illustration of the Chip) causing oil to leak from the engines during flight. This accident could be avoided if the engineers involved were discipline and carried out the maintenance tasks professionally. British Airway Flight 5390 On 10 June 1990, British Airlines flight 5390 was on a flight from Birmingham, England to Malaga, Spain. Suddenly at about 17,300ft, the left windscreen on the captain’s side of the cockpit blew out from the cockpit. The captain was sucked out of his seat with half of his body hanging out of the plane and the other half resting on the flight controls. No lives were lost on this flight, but the captain suffered frostbite, bruising, and  fractures to his right arm, left thumb and right wrist while flight attendant who aided the captain suffered a dislocated shoulder, frostbitten face and some frostbite damage to his left eye. Investigators found that the maintenance manager who worked on the windscreen had used incorrect bolts during a windscreen repair. Other issues highlighted were failed to check tolerance specification of the bolts, staffing shortage during night shift, parts storage and involvement of supervisors in hands-on maintenance work. Safety Management Systems A safety management system (SMS) is a systematic way to managing safety, policies, procedures, accountabilities, and including the necessary organisational structures. The objective of a Safety Management System is to provide a structured management approach to control safety risks in operations. Therefore in order to have an effective safety management, the organisation’s specific structures and processes related to safety of operations must be taken into account. safety management requires planning, organising, communicating and providing direction. The first step of the SMS progession begins with setting the organisational safety policy. It lay outs the strategy for achieving acceptable levels of safety within the organisation and defines the principles upon which the SMS is built and operated. In order to mitigate and limit risk during operations in the designed processes, safety planning and execution of safety management procedures are needed. Only with these controls in place, quality management techniques then can be utilised to ensure the intended objectives are met by deployment of safety assurance and if fail, evaluation processes are needed to provide continuous montioring of operations and for identifying areas of safety improvement. Furthermore, SMS also provides the organisational framework to set up and encourage the development of a positive safety culture. Finally, the implentation of SMS provides the organisation’s management a structured set of tools to meet their respomsibilites for safety defined by the regulator. Conclusion Aviation industries have realized that it is not possible to entirely eliminate maintenance errors but to take an approach to identify, correct and minimize the consequences of those errors. And with the implementation of SMS, hazards could be identify and risks could be control. In conclusion, all these human factor studies help aviation industries to make continuous improvement and implementation of solutions to reduce maintenance errors. References Strategic program plan. (2007, August 01). Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/StrategicProgramPlan.pdf Takahiro Suzuki, Terry L. Von Thaden, William D. Geibel. (2008). Influence of time pressure on aircraft maintenance errors. Informally published manuscript, University of Illinois, Retrieved from http://www.aviation.illinois.edu/avimain/papers/research/pub_pdfs/miscconf/AAvPA_suzuki_final.pdf Micheal E. Maddox. (2007). Human factors. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter1.pdf LindaWerfelman. (2008, April). Working to the limit. AeroSafety World, 3(4), 14-18. Retrieved from http://flightsafety.org/aerosafety-world-magazine/past-issues/aerosafety-world-april-2008 Colin G. Drury. (2007). Establishing a human factors/ergonomics program. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter2.pdf Hobbs, A. Australian Transport Safety Bureau, (2008). An overview of human factors in aviation maintenance (AR-2008-055). Retrieved from Australian Transport Safety Bureau website: http://www.atsb.gov.au/media/27818/ar2008055.pdf SKYbrary. (2013, September 14). Safety Management System. Retrieved from http://www.skybrary.aero/index.php/Safety_Management_System James T. Burnette. (2007). Workplace safety. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University: Daytona Beach, FL 32114. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter3.pdf Micheal E. Maddox. (2007). Shiftwork and scheduling. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from Micheal E. Maddox. (2007). Facility design. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter5.pdf James Reason. (2007). Human error. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http://libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter14.pdf FAA. (2012). Human Factors. Retrieved from http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aircraft/media/AMT_Handbook_Addendum_Human_Factors.pdf Terrell N. Chandler. (2007). Training. Daytona Beach, FL 32114: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. Retrieved from http:/ /libraryonline.erau.edu/online-full-text/human-factors-in-aviation-maintenance/guide/chapter7.pdf Figure 1. Human error vs Contributing factors. (Takahiro S, Terry L, William D, 2008) Figure 2. Human error contribution percentile. (â€Å"Strategic program plan,† 2007) Table 1. Frequency of Human error vs Type of maintenance activity. (Goldman, 2002) Figure 3. Comparison of the correct and incorrect method of the doubler plate repair. (Hobbs, 2008) Figure 4. Location of O rings on magnetic chip detector. (Hobbs, 2008) Figure 5. The PEAR Model (FAA, 2012)

Britain Between the Wars Essay

The armistice came into effect at 11.00am on 11th November 1918 and effectively brought the fighting on the Western Front to a close. In more than four years of war Britain and the Empire had lost more than 750,000 dead in France and Flanders, with many times that wounded and sick. The political and social life were ruined not only by the war, but also by the severe crises and by the dividing of the society into classes. The 1920’s and 1930’s were unhappy decades for most of the people in Britain. The Liberal Lloyd George enjoyed wide support by the Conservative party and duly formed a new coalition government. He immediately transformed the British war effort, taking firm control of both military and domestic policy. A general election the first for 8 years was held in December 1918. This election was often called â€Å"the coupon election†. Conservative leader Bonar Law identified candidates who agreed to support them with a letter of endorsement, signed by both, and known as a â€Å"coupon†. Coupons were issued to 159 Liberal candidates and 364 Conservatives though in some cases, they were rejected. This election are also considered the first universal elections in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in which for the first time the majority of poorer British and Catholic Irish adults were allowed to vote for Parliament. The decision of Lloyd George to create a coalition between the Liberal and Conservative party hardened the divisions within the Liberal party and after the election the division of the Liberal party was even deepened. In 1920’s the Labour party succeeded in overtaking the Liberal party and establishing itself as one of the country’s two main political parties. By the end of 1921 unemployment has risen beyond 2 million. There were several reasons for the decline in industry after the First World War. Structural weaknesses in the British economy meant a disproportionate number of jobs were in the traditional industries. A lack of pre-war technological developments and post war competition damaged the economy and the new industries which emerged employed fewer people. At the same time Britain began to lose her overseas markets due to strong foreign competition. A committee on unemployment was set up in 1920 and recommended public works schemes to ease unemployment, this led to the establishment of the Unemployment Grants Committee. The government wished, also, to return to the gold standard, a move which would have required cuts in public spending. In Unemployment Insurance Act 1920 extended unemployment benefits to cover all workers who earned less than  £250. The â€Å"Seeking Work Test† was introduced in 1921, it stated to receive full unemployment benefit there had to be evidence the recipient was looking for work. The Addison Act after Dr. Christopher Addison, the then Minister for Housing was passed to allow the building of new houses after the First World War, and marked the start of a long 20th century tradition of state-owned housing, which would much later evolve into council estates. Education Act or know as Fisher Act was enacted in the 1918, it extended educational provision, increased the powers and duties of the Board of Education, raised the school leaving age from 12 to 14 and gave all young workers right of access to day release education. (The raising of the leaving age was not immediately implemented, however, and had to wait until the 1921 Act). Other features of the 1918 Education Act included the provision of ancillary services (medical inspection, nursery schools, centres for pupils with special needs, etc.).

IKEA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

IKEA - Research Paper Example is native land Smaland, south Sweden).IKEA is known for it’s up to date architectural designs that fit various kinds of furniture and appliances, and has got interior design work that is most of the time related with an eco-friendly ease (Baxter, Landry, 2010). Apart from this IKEA is famous for its keenness to cost control, constant product development and operational details, corporate features which permitted IKEA to review its prices downwards by an average of 2 or 3 percent over the ten years to 2010 during an era of global development. As of the beginning of 2014, IKEA proudly owns and operates 349 stores in over 43 countries. In financial year 2010, IKEA sold over US$23.1 billion worth of goods, a sum that signified a 7.7% increase over 2009.IKEA’s website contains over 12,000 products and is the closest depiction of the complete IKEA range. Apart from that there were over 470 million guests to IKEA’s websites from the year September 2007 to September 2008.IKEA spends just about 1% of the world’s supply of wood, making it one of the biggest users of wood as far as retail sector is concerned(Baxter, Landry, 2010). IKEA was formed in 1943, mainly as mail-order sales company. IKEA started selling furniture about five years afterwards. The very first store opened its doors to the public in 1958 at Smaland whereas the first stores outside of Sweden opened their doors in Denmark (1969) and Norway (1963).The stores later on extended to other European parts in the 1970s with the very first store outside of Scandinavia being opened in Switzerland in 1973 and Germany branch opened later in 1974. IKEA’s current products includes furniture, decorative and linen accessories are typified by some exceptional features, for instance, IKEA’s 2013 furniture fabrics are very illustrious with its unique designs;ethnic,romantic,pop and contemporary. Thus IKEA has produced interesting designs which are bound to keep people talking for months. In 2013, IKEA offered

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act - Essay Example This refers to the involvement of the federal government’s computers or prescribed financial bodies in instances where the committed crime is of an interstate nature. To clarify the provisions of the original Act further, trafficking in passwords, rebuffing service attacks and malicious distribution of codes was also criminalized by the CFAA. The Act also underwent several amendments in a bid to eliminate overlaps and fill loopholes between 1989 and 2008. With examples, this paper will question the legitimate effect of the CFAA: Has it been a success or failure in preventing computer fraud and abuse? This question is driven by the vagueness of the law, which has the potential of exposing it to flaws and prosecutorial abuse. By its definition, the Act can be perceived from two angles in terms of the computers it covers (Granville, 2003). The covered computers are referred to as protected computers, and in this sense, theoretically, a protected computer is defined as one meant f or exclusive use by the government of the United States or by a financial institution. It also refers to any other computer which uses the government or financial institution is injuriously affected by conduct that constitutes an offense. This includes computers not within the United States, which affect foreign or interstate communication and commerce of the United States. ... Since Congress did not describe clearly what was meant by that, it raises questions as to whether prosecutors will be of the opinion that a violator of terms of service of a website deserves time in jail or not (Jarrett & Bailie, 2010). Would such an opinion be reasonable or excessively harsh? Further, does the law need to separate the way it treats criminal intentions on the Internet that result in grave harm to the security of social, civic, and financial institutions from what is considered everyday Internet activity? In the light of the current scramble for the Internet, lawmakers need to quantify the effectiveness of the CFAA and decide on how to respond to various stakeholders and interested parties. For instance, some foreign countries are seeking control over the Internet; powerful individuals and corporate organizations want it shaped in ways beneficial to them while undermining national interests; military regimes are spying, attacking and oppressing both private and public institutions; and intelligence and law enforcing agencies are seeking to monitor and mine it (Jarrett & Bailie, 2010). An analysis of these areas will enable lawmakers to determine the success or failure of the CFAA so far, and whether or not reforms are required. In the widespread example of the Aaron law, it is open to argument whether Aaron Swartz committed a federal crime by downloading content from JSTOR, a well-known archive for academic documents, on which he had an account. After JSTOR administrators became aware of the downloads in 2011, they blocked them and did not pursue criminal charges.  

Accounting Treatments Required IAS for Financial Liabilities Term Paper

Accounting Treatments Required IAS for Financial Liabilities - Term Paper Example This is specifically the amortized cost or the fair value. Specific rules often apply to embed the hedging instruments and financial derivatives. IAS number 39 is applicable to monetary securities issued. Nonetheless, in case an issue of the contract of financial guarantee has earlier on stressed openly that it takes into consideration such agreements as a contract of insurance and has applied accounting that applies to insurance agreement; the issuer has an obligation to apply IAS 39 to such contracts of financial security. Accounting by the financial liability holder is not included from the dimension of IAS 39 as well as IFRS 4. Thus paragraphs 10-12 of IAS 8 â€Å"Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors† will apply. The commitments to financial liabilities fall outside the scope of IAS 39 in case their obligation cannot be fulfilled net a different financial instrument or in cash. In this case, they will not be classified financial liabilities at fair value via loss or profit hence the entity lacks the historical practice of selling the financial liability that came from the commitment after origination. An issuer of a financial liability or commitment to issue a financial liability at an interest rate below the market value is obliged to recognize the liability at its fair value. Successfully, the issuer of the financial liability will re-determine it at a much-increased value which is recognized under the IAS 39. Besides, the value originally realized will be less where relevant, cumulative payback is recognized in line with the IAS 18 (Penman, 2007; p. 35). According to IAS 32 on presentation of financial instruments which outlines the requirements for accounting for the presentation of the instruments, in particular, the grouping of such financial instruments into financial liabilities, equity and financial assets.

Frederick douglass question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Frederick douglass question - Coursework Example Covey. 2. Why does Mr. Covey buy the slave Caroline? Mr. Covey showed interest in buying the slave Caroline, because she provided him exactly what he was looking for- a breeder. She had already borne a child, she was healthy, she was strong and she was able to work. He seemed to be pleased by the purchase of this slave and it rejoiced his mood in those particular days. His pleasure got double profound when the slave bore twins as a result of the one year capacity and mastering by Mr. Covey. Mr. Covey wanted kids, and this woman gave him just what he had desired for, thereby his purchase turned out well and this was the sole reason behind her purchase. 3. What are the first six months of Douglass’ stay with Mr. Covey like? The first Six months of Douglass with Mr. Covey were unprecedented one. He was made to suffer all kinds, he suffered physically, mentally and psychologically, he was being targeted and brutalized in every aspect possible. It was the time which at once forced him thinking of bringing an end to the entire suffering, by first taking Mr. Covey’s life and then his own, however it was hope that kept him from this madness. Yet these days saw no relief with mere exceptions on Sundays. Apart from it, days, nights, seasons, cold, hot sensation, he knew nothing of them, for he had to work, and live in the dire situations as it was the only option at hand. He was mentally and physically broke, and these six months got the toll out of him in the worse possible way. It can be said that those six months were the most difficult ones for Douglass during his entire episode of stay with Mr. Covey(Trotman, 2011). 4. Douglass talks to the boats on the Chesapeake Bay. What kinds of things does he say to them? Why does he envy the boats? Douglass is engaged in a soliloquizing conversation with the boats that are around, he envies them for they are free, he expresses his heart by narrating that u have liberty to move where ever u may, yet I am chained, you get to taste different places, yet I am chained, both mentally and physically. He expresses his sorrow, and the truth state he is in, he expresses what he is going through, what he wishes for, being a free man, being able to swim, being able to fly, being able to walk free and disappear from the sight and visible eyes. He compares the two by presenting the differences such as being free and being caged. He talks to it, and tells it of how he would want to escape, how he may take up the plan, he expresses his deep feeling, and then to console his heart, knowing that there is little hope, he tells the boats that he is not the only one being the slave, thereby he should live with it 5. Douglass spends several days avoiding Mr. Covey. What happens? Douglass always wanted an end to the suffering, the humiliation, the torture, in bid to avail that he spent few days and made some effort avoiding Mr. Covey. For this purpose he decides to lodge a complaint against him at St. Michaels. He had to walk the difficult seven miles for it, and the entire journey was another difficult part of the overall suffering filled tale where he got no supper, no breakfast and covered the distance limping and covered in blood after being beaten by Mr. Covey earlier. However his endeavor comes to a fail as he is being told that Mr. Covey is the right man and Douglass should

The play, Everyman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The play, Everyman - Research Paper Example Considering the reality of death, the author has portrayed death as someone who calls Everyman, the protagonist of the play to meet God and reply for his deeds. The protagonist asks Death that he wants some time to get some friends to accompany him in his journey to his destination to meet God. He gets some time, but he realizes that the friends who were dear to him are not ready to accompany him. The author perceives and treats death as a call from God to enable people realize what is good for them in life. Everyman as the name suggests represents every man on earth. The play as a whole is a play that portrays Christian values and can be understood as an allegorical or morality play. The play starts with God’s call to Death where he claims that human beings in the world are not following his commandments and are committing sins (Lester, 1981). He asks the Death to bring Everyman to answer for his committed deeds. Death works as God’s messenger who brings God’s m essage to Everyman that he should appear before God to answer for his deeds. God sends for Everyman as he says, â€Å"...Go thou to Everyman, And show him, in my name, A pilgrimage he must on him take, Which he in no wise may escape; And that he bring with him a sure reckoning Without delay or tarrying...† (Everyman, 1987, 65-71) Death is asked to tell Everyman to conduct a pilgrimage in order to reach God. The sending of Death ensures that Everyman has to leave the world and its belongings in order to reach the court of God. Death also represents the abolition of life and reaches Everyman to inform him of his ending to reach his final destination before God. The representation of death in Everyman is not fearsome, but educative as the figure when comes forth Everyman, he is not frightened at seeing him. However, when he is told that he is going to come before God, he is frightened considering himself alone and secluded. He thinks that he will gain someone’s sympathy i n his journeying towards God and this sympathy will lead him to have Heaven (Spinrad, 1987). Death comes and informs Everyman, â€Å"Death: In great haste I am sent to thee From God out of his Majesty. Everyman: What, sent to me?† (Everyman, 1987, 90-92) At hearing a call from God with Death as God’s messenger, Everyman gets disturbed considering him incapable to appear before God in his present condition. He calls Death â€Å"gentle† And asks him for some time, in which, he can arrange for some friends to accompany him in his pilgrimage. Everyman says, â€Å"O wretched caitiff! whither shall I flee That I might 'scape endless sorrow? Now , gentle Death, spare me till tomorrow, That I may amend me With good advisement.† (Everyman, 1987, 171-75) He sees no place to escape and seeks mercy from Death. He regards himself extremely sorrowful and distressed not because of appearance of Death, but because of being called by God when he is not ready to appear. As mentioned earlier on, death is portrayed not as fearsome and horrible as it was supposed to appear at that time when the play was written. In medieval times and middle ages, death was portrayed with skeletons or someone with frightening appearance that at once made the observer to tremble (Cawley, 1970). Death in Everyman was portrayed as a messenger of God who was so merciful that he gave some time to Everyman to search for his companions for the journey. Death let everyman to ponder over the differences between right and wrong that assign him the title of

Evaluate Unilevers financial strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Evaluate Unilevers financial strategy - Essay Example A firm’s capital structure consist the mix of long term or permanent capital in the firm. This is the mix of various ordinary and preference shares, long term debt and retained earnings. All these sources are found in Unilevers capital structure. Capital structure theories are as discussed below. Dividends are part of the earnings which are distributed to the shareholders for their investment in the company. Dividends policies and decisions involve four critical issues: i.e. when the firm should pay dividends, how much dividend per share should the company pay, how should the company give out dividends and why should the firm pay dividends. Unilever pays dividend quarterly using residual dividend policy where the dividend is paid out of earnings after investment have been financed. The dividend is payable by cash. As to why In Aug, CEO John Polman mentioned, â€Å"While circumstances remain challenging in many marketplaces, I am motivated by the return to quantity development across all areas and the majority of nations and groups. More of our manufacturers are enhancing again behind strong enhancements, greater customer value improved marketing support, and better performance. We go on repairing quantity development while defending edges and income for the season. † Organizations go through different life-cycles just like individuals do. For example, individuals go through the beginnings, childhood and early-teenage stages that are recognized by plenty of fast development. People within these stages often do whatever it requires just to remain in existence, for example, eating, looking for protection and resting. Often, these individuals make energetic, extremely sensitive choices based on whatever is going on around them at this time. Start-up companies are like this, too. Often, creators of the company or system and its various associates have to do whatever is

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE Essay

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE - Essay Example One of Jamie's favorite things to do was to play baseball. He and his friend Dave often practiced hitting and pitching in Jamie's backyard. Jamie would take a turn hitting and then Dave would take a turn. The backyard looked out onto a neighbor's yard. The neighbor was named Mr. MacGregor. He was a reclusive gentleman, about 85 years of age. He rarely came out of his house, but when he did he usually looked quite angry. No one knew anything about MacGregor, no one knew what he did before he became such a recluse. One day Jamie and Dave were playing baseball in the backyard. Dave pitched a ball to Jamie, and Jamie connected with it, cracking it towards MacGregor's house. It was Jamie's favorite ball. It had been signed by Roberto Hernandez, his favorite major league player. Jamie watched as the ball sailed towards MacGregor's house and smashed through the old man's sun-room window. â€Å"Oh no!† thought Jamie. Jamie and Dave discussed the issue between the two of them. Jamie was frightened of MacGregor but he knew he would have to get the ball back somehow. While Dave hid behind a tree, Jamie went to MacGregor's front door and rang the bell. MacGregor opened the door. He was holding the prized ball in his hand. â€Å"What do you want, kid? Are you the one who broke my window?† â€Å"It wasn't me,† said Jamie, â€Å"it was my friend, Dave. All we want is the ball back, sir.†... I'll do anything.† â€Å"OK,† said Mr. MacGregor, â€Å"maybe we can work out an agreement. I have a number of things you can do to help me out. Otherwise, you're going to have to pay for the broken window and I think it will be around $500 at least.† Jamie looked back towards the tree where Dave had been hiding, but he couldn't see him anymore. He gulped. â€Å"Okay,† he said. â€Å"What do you have in mind?† MacGregor invited him into the house and closed the door behind him. He smiled cruelly at Jamie. â€Å"First of all, my cat Tabitha is missing in the basement. I need you to go find her. Be careful—she is very vicious.† Jamie went to the basement and climbed down the stairs. It was dark and gloomy. He could hear some mewing coming from a corner. There was Tabitha. She was an old, orange cat and looked mean. He tried to grab her with one hand, but she clawed at him and scratched his forearm. Jamie shrieked. He found an old blanket and threw it over the cat. He brought the bundle back up the stairs to MacGregor. â€Å"Not bad,† said the old man. â€Å"Now, please have a look at the bathroom in the basement. There is a huge spider there I need you to deal with.† Again Jamie went to the basement and looked around. He found the small bathroom in the corner. Inside the drain of the sink was the biggest insect he'd ever seen. It wasn't a spider; he realized as it seemed to have a dozen different heads and at least 40 legs. It must be some exotic creature from Africa, he thought. He turned on the faucet and the insect was washed away. â€Å"Next,† he thought to himself. He went up the stairs again and went to find Mr. MacGregor. â€Å"OK,† said the old man. â€Å"Next, you have to help me with something else.† He pointed to the

Art History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Art History - Assignment Example A virtual tour, however, allows one to see all the details. In addition, there is the capability of zooming to get the finer details. Two religious paintings, the Ghent Altarpiece, commonly referred to as the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb from Ghent (Northern Europe) and Cimabue’s Madonna Enthroned from Italy, were created during the Renaissance for the same religion – Christianity .For this reason, the two have many similarities in spite of the differences in Renaissance settings of the two regions -Northern Europe and Italy. The two paintings have a span of more than a century apart, with the latter being the older. Both of these paintings were made at the helm of the Catholic Church in a Catholic and have Catholic background. The Ghent Altarpiece features Jesus as the main figure in the art piece while the Madonna Enthroned features Mary, the mother of Jesus; both of them prominent figures in the Catholic Church. In the Ghent Altarpiece, Jesus is seated on a throne and holding a scepter- a symbol of His royal power; conversely, Mary is also sitting on a throne and holding baby Jesus. Both of them are surrounded by numerous figures; Jesus is surrounded by Apostles while Mary is surrounded by angels wearing halos. In both, these figures help Christians to reach heaven. In addition, both Mary and Jesus are wearing long robes, also a symbol of royalty. A further analysis of the two pieces of art reveals little space around the two figures. There is even less space around Jesus. In both, there is symbolic gesturing with the hand; with Mary gesturing toward her son, symbolizing hope for the world. J esus also gestures with His hand; symbolic of the calling of all peoples of the world to come to Him. The striking difference is the use of color in the paintings. While the Ghent Altarpiece has much darker colors, the Madonna Enthroned has more bright colors. Further, there is a difference in time in the two paintings. While the Madonna

Eriksons Timeline Essay Example for Free

Eriksons Timeline Essay According to Erikson, there are eight stages of life. They are infancy, early childhood, childhood (play age), childhood (school age), adolescents and young adulthood. I just turned 34 this month and I know psychologically that I am in the adulthood portion of my life. Over the years I have caught myself asking questions like; who am I? And how do I fit myself into society? I would say over 10 years ago I began the sixth stage of my life, intimacy versus isolation. When I finished high school I thought I found that special person until I noticed that we became different people. I wanted more out of someone to be able to date and be able to fall in love with the right person. The relationship between the two stages is complex and many people define themselves through intimate relationships with others; and other proper sequence of the stages can be reversed in many people. Woman in the society traditionally exemplified a merging of intimacy and identify issues such as woman identify being defined by her intimate relationships. Sometimes it can be hard to separate the differences between the development of intimate relationships and adult itself. Erikson believes that a person is unable to be truly intimate with others until he or she has made progress with addressing their own identity. Marcia’s, the researcher for identity status, developed a similar idea with addressing their own identity. Macias also developed an idea designed to determine the quality of intimacy in a persons life. A person answered several questions about dating, friendship, and interpersonal he or she commitments may be classified into four categories; Intimate-works at developing mutual personal relationships, has several close friends, involved in a committed love relationship, and is able to express both affectionate and angry feelings in the relationship. Pre-intimate- is a person who has dated but is involved in a committed love relationship, is aware of the possibilities of relating intimately with others, and feels conflicted about commitment and love relationships. Stereotyped- constricted and immature person who has not gone beyond superficial dating relationships, has several friends but they lack significant depth, and he/she dates regularly but does not get involved. Isolated- lacks endurance personal relationships, rarely dates and the person tend to be anxious and immature lacking assertiveness and social skills. If I were to do a test on myself I would say that I am a very mature person who knows what she wants in life because when I am with a person I am very committed and try my hardest to make things work. I would never cheat or do anything to hurt the person that I am with. I dont have any problems expressing my feelings to my partner. I have a friend who refuses to be in a relationship. I feel that she still has a lot of growing up to do and she enjoys playing with other peoples feelings. These people don’t know what love is yet and might not ever open that page for someone else. As for me I know what love is and what it takes to have a good solid relationship. References: McAdams, (2006) The person: A new introduction to personality psychology (4th ed.) Hoboken NJ: John Wiley Sons.

Operations Management Analysis of Asda

Operations Management Analysis of Asda Introduction: Every function of the business has its significance, importance and place in the business organizations. Not a single department, function or activity can be declared as sole vital for the life of a company. It is the combined effort of all the departments and joint work of function involved, which brings success, revenues and business development. However, the key factor of the business, are divided in some shapes; to get a clear and visible picture of the overall business activities, being carried out by the organization. Operations management, financial management, marketing, sales, customer service, quality assurance, information technology and research and development are largely the main functions of a business entity in 21st century. No one can declare any of these functions as the sole guaranteer for the corporate success of the company, every function has its competitive and comparative advantages and also everyone has some unique characteristics which help in making that particular function more important. However, there is a function which is quite visible in all of these functions, or we can say that it is a facilitator of all the departments and functions in any organization. That particular function is called operations. Whatever may be the department or function, there will be a process and procedure involved in the work flow of that particular unit. Operations are everywhere, whichever department we select; we will see a line of operations and standard operating procedure. This indicates how important and integral it is, to have a transparent and effective operations management system. Operations management not only gives insight about the efficient and effective workflow of a particular department but also helps in getting a smooth workflow all over the organization. The process and strategic planning is quite imperative for the success of the business, but the effective execution of that particular plan is far more important than that. Effective operations management can help in achieving the group, departmental and organizational goals achievement in an effective, efficient and less costly way. So we can declare that, operations management ensures the life of the company. This report is a case study of ASDAs operations management mechanism and is purely dedicated to find out the rights and wrongs in the operations of ASDA. Operations Management: Operations management is a management function and subject, which is largely concerned with supervision, design, and redesigning of the business operations in the making of goods and services.  [1]  It has two dimensions, one is company dimension and the other one is customers dimension. The company dimension of the operation management is dealing with the operations in a cost effective, efficient and less costly ways, while the customer requires the greater quality of the product and service. So in business operations, an organization has to ensure, not only its own circumstances and financial position but also the customers demand. In simple words, the operations management is an organizational function, aimed a smooth flow of the processes to convert the input into the required output, in an efficient and cost effective way. So the quality assurance of the product offerings and their cost, are the key points of studying the operations management. Operations management usually refers to the production of goods and services independently, even though the difference between these two central types of operations is ever more difficult to make as producer convinced to combine product and service offerings. More commonly, operations management targets to increase the satisfaction level of value-added actions in any of the given processes.  [2]   The fundamental objective of the operations management departments attempt to create the desired balance between the costs and revenue to  get the maximum net operational profit, but at the same time to ensure the quality of the product and service. Operations management includes the activities that are involved in the process of production and distribution of the goods and services. Normally, the small companies do not involve in the operations management processes but major businesses stress upon properly keeping up with the operations management processes and normally they do not change the processes rapidly. Company Overview: ASDA is a British superstore chain which retails food, clothing, toys and general commodities. It also has a mobile telephone network, ASDA Mobile. It has its head office in the ASDA House in Leeds, West Yorkshire.  [3]  ASDA became a subsidiary of the American retail giant Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer, in 1999. And today, it is the third largest chain in the UK after Tesco and Sainsburys. In December 2010, 16.5% of UK grocery stores used ASDA for their major shop, with special offers the most bragged motive for its reputation.  [4]   Asda Stores Limited was established with the name of Associated Dairies Farm Stores Limited in year 1949. However, the approval of the Asda name occurred in 1965 with the merger of the Asquith chain of three supermarkets and Associated Dairies; Asda is an abbreviation of Asquith and Dairies, often capitalised. As Asda is subsidiary of Wall-Mart, so the focus of its marketing promotions have frequently been centred only on price, with Asda kept on promoting itself under the slogan of Britains Lowest Priced Supermarket, 13 Years Running. Because it is a wholly owned division of Wal-Mart, so, is not necessary for Asda to announce quarterly or half-yearly earnings. ASDA employs more than 150000, working on its more than 375 locations. The operating income of the company has been declared around  £638 millions last year. Andy Clarke is the chief executive officer of ASDA and Andy Bond is chairman. Asda helped wall-mart getting success and market share in British market.  [5]   Under the leadership of strong people, ASDA has been pretty successful in competing with its rivals in the last many years. Today, although it is ranked on 3rd in terms of market share after Tesco and Sainsbury, still its reputation and public relations have been out standing. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyse the central operational functions of Asda and their associated factors, problems and deficiencies. In this regard, we will discuss the fundamental operations management theories and their application at Asda. We will also try to focus on the operational problems being faced by Asda currently because of increasing competition and financial crisis as well. In this regard, the key operational and functional matter of the company will also come under discussion. Problems and Issues: We have been observing a very sharp decline in the sales of the grocery store and shrinking growth for the last 3years or so, due to the financial crisis. In this scenario, the major problem for the companies is to sustain. For surviving and sustaining in this environment, there are two ways to be adopted. The first one is of increasing the revenues and the other one is of cutting the cost of doing business. In both of matters, the operational management capacity of the organization is challenged and the team is under strict pressure. Competition has also increased and the competitors are trying very hard to gain the market share, in order to retain Asdas market share, so here the company needs to have implemented effective operation management system and tools so that the production of goods and services will be maintained smoothly and customers demand is fulfilled quickly So the focus of this report will not only be on the operations management of the company but also be on the dealing with the aftermaths of financial crisis with the help of operations management theories and practices. Operations Management and Value Chain: The concept of value chain is very important from the perspective of operations management. It is the fundamental concept on the basis of which all the operations building, is erected. Michael Porter is considered as the father of the value chain philosophy. He coined the idea of value chain in his book Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance (1985). This idea brought about a very positive change in modern day strategic management and marketing. Nowadays all successful companies give due importance to the concept of value in service delivery. Value means a mental perception of a product/service by the customer for which he is paying the price. A person estimates the value by a simple equation; Value = Benefit/cost.  [6]  The concept of value is understood to be a core idea in marketing and strategic management. Many theories revolve around this concept of value; like value chain analysis and profit value chain etc. The concept of service value chain is pretty similar to the Porters value chain idea. There is just a slight difference between them in terms of their practical implementation. For getting the true insight about these two models; fist we should understand the Porters value chain model. Porter argued that the customer; when he pays the price for the product or service, he is not basically paying for the product or services. He is paying the price of the perceived value which is delivered to him by the provider. If his benefits estimation exceeds the cost of the product or service, he will be satisfied and vice versa. So the core area of concentration in marketing must be to enhance the value so that the customer may be satisfied and come back again for the same value.  [7]   Value is not added on the corporate level. It is added from the operational level and with the efficient interlinks of the various functions. An organization is involved in two sorts of functions; the primary and core functions and the support functions. With the proper integration of the functions it can achieve the superior value. This diagram will further elaborate the Porters value chain model. The primary functions include inbound logistics (Warehousing raw material), operations (Process of converting raw material into finished goods), outbound logistics (finished goods inventory packaging), marketing and service (selecting a target market and fulfilling its demand and after sales service provision etc.) While the support functions include the firm infrastructure, (its design, polices and procedures) HRM (hiring people, firing and training them etc.) Technology (technology enabled management to deliver quality and value), and procurement (purchase and warehousing). Now we look at these main operations management functions separately, along with their complete reference to the organization of our concern. The Value Chain of ASDA: Inbound Logistics: The Inbound logistics operations of Asda are presented in its totally inclined and agile form and also show the commitment of the overall low price strategic management o. As the company is among the major market players so it has the place and economies of scope which are considered as the key bargaining powers, it helps to achieve low costs through the suppliers of the company. The up-gradation of the IT and other functions of the company is a routine matter and with the improved order-taking system, the company has made it among leaders. Out bound Logistics: Asda is also working with all retail segments, physical ones, online and offline ones. As it is a subsidiary of Wall-mart, so it has to operate directly with all of the operations included in outbound logistics. The companies is always keen to of develop processes and tools to produce and distribute the goods and services effectively and efficiently. Asda has designed a variety of formats and types related to the stores, it will be implemented strategically with the aim of maximum exposure of the customer. The formats include the Express, Superstores, Metro, Extra and Homeplus, these ranges are divided and segmented according to the target customers  [8]  . Marketing and Sales Programs: Asda has also introduced incentives and various schemes for the benefit of the customers. Issues related to the environment, climate changes, public awareness, reduction of waste and the carbon footprint involved in the preparation of the meals. The company is always striving to satisfy the customers and makes them happy. This indeed has helped it gain greater respect in the eyes of the customers. Services: Asda is following what wall-mart is doing; the price leadership. The famous slogan of always low price depicts the philosophy of wall-mart. It is also implementing the strategies related to cost leadership and differentiation, the aim is to improve the customer service. The focal point of the value chain here is, is to create a valuable service which may result in a high degree of value as compared to the other service providers. Asda has some very efficient strategies that are streamlined to apply the useful services in order to keep the customers. The main focus here is to reduce the cost of production and operations and hence gain a leadership position. There are some problems in the system, but can be resolved with the proper research and development. Technological Factors: In todays globalized world, the leadership in the business can only be achieved through leadership in technology. Technology is an effective way to make the business more efficient, effective. It may happen that sometimes extra efficient use of technology may produce negativity, however this can be minimized. Asda has to take into consideration lots of matters related to technology, but as the technology is among major macro-environmental variable and it has influenced development of the Asdas products and services. Few years back when Wall-mart invested around $6 billion in its IT function to introduce RFID, they also introduce the same in Asda as well. This has increased service orientation of the business and customers are delighted. So we can say that technology is very important ingredient in gaining advantage over competitor in the operations management. Information Technology and Integration: Innovative technology has helped companies and the customers, in various functions and ultimately the rate of customer satisfaction has increased. Now the desired products and goods are available easily. Companies have individualized their services to make the customer happy, and hence the grocery shopping has become pretty suitable with easy access. Asda works on the Customer is Always Right policy to improve its service orientation and has installed various IT gadgets to make the system more efficient. Here is a list of those technology gadgets, which are being used by Asda in its business operations to make the customer more satisfied. Self Check-out machines. Wireless Devices. Electronic Shelf and Labeling Electronic Tracker Electronic Fund Transfer System Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). These technologies have increased the value of these activities being performed in stores and making it more efficient. Now you have all kinds of solutions available under one roof of Asda. I.T. Integration: In this challenging time, the corporations are facing a rapidly increasing rivalry with changing environment and business tendencies. For long term survival in the business, the companies have to predict the change and adopt it as well. To endure and compete in this modern world it is compulsory to innovate in the technology, operational processes and improvement in the products and services. When you are in the business of retailing, you have to keep these things in your mind. You have to ensure; Proper Implementation of the systems to control and record all the stock. Arranged record of all the previously delivered products. Analysis of every business transactions properly. The above mentioned are some factors that should be analyzed properly, as IT has many solutions that are beyond the traditional support role. Asda should also have adequate execution of extranet service it will be beneficial for the company. Here the internet will help to create customers circle and flow of customized information among the business partners and the company. Asda has taken an initiative to introduce the extranet system. The system can provide connection with the business partners online and provides the opportunity to build relationships with the partners and delivering the easiest way of accessing the retailing services of Asda. There are many technological advances and systems that can support business operations. Asda has implemented some which includes like wireless devices, intelligent scale, electronic shelf labeling, self checkout machine and radio frequency identification systems. These systems can help the company in achieving its long term and short term goals and also the target to control the cost of operational processes and provide proper control upon the volume of the products and services. Store and Inventory Management: The inside store inventory management system of Asda is very effective because of the RFID technology used to store the information of the inventory and dealers information is also available with them which helps in making the process much reliable. Channels management system: The way it deals with its suppliers and other business partners that is really recommendable. As we discussed early that, value chain means to take care of not only your own value but he value chain of your network partner. Asda is working with a vast variety of suppliers across the world, being a major retailer with a diverse range of products and employed employees from very different ethnic groups and cultures. It is included in the policy of the company that it should maintain very healthy relationships with the suppliers and work with mutual concerns. The addition of technology in controlling the work pattern with the suppliers can improve the communication of the company with the suppliers. Asda has a good network of communication with the suppliers because of Wall-mart but still it need to improve and add a technology that will be easily accessible by the suppliers and understandable also at the same time. The communication network should be very clear and effective between the supplier and the company. The record of all the required products should be clearly mentioned by the company to the supplier it will help in building a long term business. The contractors in the loop will be able to promote the orders and it will improve the conditions and steps included in the supply chain. However, we see some loop holes in trade union relationship. In August 2005, the manager of a depot in Wakefield spoke out what were called foreign-sounding names over the communal address system ordering them to report instantaneously to the managers office. At least one was threatened with the sack unless he produced his passport the next day. The highly public initiative by management, which came within weeks of the 7 July bombings in London was followed by a flurry contempt for Muslims and their religion.  [9]   Loop Holes in the System: In December 2007 Asda, Sainsburys and other retailers admitted to price fixing dairy products between 2002 and 2003. Asda commented, Everyone at Asda regrets what happened, particularly as we are passionate about lowering prices. Our intention was to provide more money for dairy farmers, who were under severe financial pressure at the time. So far in total these retailers have been fined  £116  million. Apart from this, we can see some of these problems Asda is leader brand and has massive business around the world. The strategies to control the business and increase the customer satisfaction and maximize the revenues are the ultimate goal of the company. There are some issues that are found within the company that are follows: Lack of expertise. No record maintenance of the stock. Slow delivery to the customers Logistics deficiency No proper control of distribution channels. Recommendations: On the basis of the secondary data it has been proved that Flexibility in the work place is required because than the change will be adopted easily. The cost structure is varied at multiple places. In order to implement some efficient functions following steps should be taken: Customer Service Strategic Procurement Supplier Connectivity and Order Fulfilment Manufacturing Flow Portfolio Management Sales Cycle Efficiency Reduction in unproductive time Long term plans should be made related to technology The above mentioned factors are at the initial level in the Asda company and can be handled very easily as Asda has many excellent and efficient ways to solve major problems. Asda also always takes care of its systems and processes but the only problem is the adoption of change which is very slow. Asda is a very large company which includes a large number of technological systems that are developed for the benefit of the company. Company also believes in fast transactions but the delivery process is still very slow in many areas, the customer order is sometimes ignored also due to lack of a communication tool. Approach to Operations Improvement Effective operations and processes allow a business to maximize its efficiency as well as revenues. It is necessary to understand the optimizing and streamlining the business activities and processes so that the output can be maximized. The processes should be built purely for the purpose of maximizing the customer satisfaction, profitability and increase effectiveness in the output. To deliver the right good at the right place on the right time is the ultimate goal of the company but deeply requires the integration of the supply chain management and business processes and the contribution of buyers and suppliers, also joint product development, common systems within the company franchises and frequently shared information with the customers, suppliers and vendors.

The Scandal of Larry Craig

The Scandal of Larry Craig Larry Craig was arrested at the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport on a suspicion of Lewd Conduct. The date that this incident happened was on June 11th, 2007. Craig was arrested after trying to have sex with another male in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport bathroom. What he didnt know is that the man he was trying to have sex with ended up being an undercover officer, the officer was undercover because of complaints about a man trying to have sex with others in the bathroom, this has been going on for several weeks now. Larry Craig was the main person affected because of this incident, probably because he was the main person involved. Because of this incident Larry Craig lost many of his friends, a good amount of those friends were made through politics and were still in politics. One main friend he lost was Mitt Romney who was Governor of Massachusetts at the time of this incident. After the public heard about the incident, as you expected, there was a major backlash on Larry Craig and he was hated by many Americans. Many gay right activists were mad at Craig for making gay people look bad. At the time of this incident gays were trying to be treated equal to straight people because they werent equal at the time of this incident, so many people were mad for the sole fact that he interacted in a gay act like he did. In the end what really affected Larry Craig was that the incident cost him his political career. Larry Craig ended up serving the rest of his term as Senator because he refused to resign, but he did not end up running for re-election for the position because he knew just like everyone else did, that he would not win the re-election for Senator. He also was not liked by many other politicians after this incident. Another person affected because of the incident was Mitt Romney. Craig was one of the two Senators that were liaisons for Mitt Romneys 2008 Presidential Campaign. After this incident Mitt Romney was not a fan of Larry Craig, in fact Mitt Romney actually strongly disliked Larry Craig. Larry Craig made Mitt Romney look bad because of this incident, do the citizens of America really want a President that works with guys like this running the country? This ended up with Mitt Romney removing Larry Craig from anything to do with his Presidential Campaign then went on to talk badly about Craig to the public by saying Hes disappointed the American people (Hulse). The last person that was affected because of this incident was Mike Jones and the officer that arrested him. Mike Jones told the public that Larry Craig offered him $200 to have oral sex with him in a restroom. After this was told to the public and a reporter asked Larry Craig, he responded by saying Mike Jones was lying just to try to promote his new book about the incident between Mike and Ted Haggard (Hulse). So Larry Craig just said Mike was trying to just get money from his incident and that it isnt alright to do. Lastly, was the officer that arrested Craig. They never released the officers name, which is understandable because this was a big incident. Craig tried to have sex with him in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport restroom, after he made the arrest Larry Craig tried to blackmail the officer by showing his badge that showed he was a part of the government and then said So, what do you think about that? This incident occurred on August 8th, 2007. There are many facts about this government scandal. One fact is that he was arrested for disorderly conduct in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport. Another fact about this scandal is that Larry Craig ended up sending a signed petition to the court and the petition pled guilty for misdemeanor charge was accepted and filed to the court on August 8th, 2007. When this was released to the public he said that he regretted pleading guilty because he was innocent. He said that he only plead guilty to the charges because he wanted this to just fly over and not go on, but it ended up backfiring and lasting along time. Larry Craig said that he just wanted to get this over as quick as possible and get on with his life and duty as one of the Senators of the United States. The time frame of this incident was in August 2007. But apparently he has been doing things like this for years but never got caught or had it released to the public until now. No one really knows if these reports about it happening in the past are true, but they know that the incident in August 2007 was real and it happened. At the time of this incident many other things were also happening in the world. One surrounding circumstance was the Phoenix spacecraft launched towards Mars. They launched the Phoenix spacecraft on August 4th, 2007. Another surrounding circumstance was that the war in Afghanistan was going on. The war in Afghanistan started in October 2001 because of the tragic incident of 9/11. This war was a long war that lasted 13 years, it eventually ended in 2014, three years after the US killed the man responsible for 9/11. The mans name was Osama Bin Laden and he was killed on May 2, 2011 in Pakistan which is a country that borders Afghanistan. He was in his hideout that he had. The last thing that was a surrounding circumstance in 2007 was the Iraq war. The US was in the middle of two wars in 2007. This war started in March 2003 because of an invasion in Iraq that was led by the United States. This war was also long but didnt last as long as the war in Afghanistan. The war in Iraq lasted 8 years. It ended in December 2011 because Obama decided it was a good idea to just end the war and pull out. In this scandal there were many rumors that had spread during this scandal. After this scandal, a gay rights activist Michael Rogers came out and told the public that this wasnt the first time that Larry Craig has done something like this. He said there were multiple similar occasions that something like this had happened to other people. The first one he has tied Craig to be in happened in 1982. Rogers also said that it has been happening in multiple locations all over the United States not just in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport where this incident took place. All these incidents were reported to a reporter for the Idaho Statesman. Michael Rogers wasnt the only person to come out and say that Craig has done this before. Up to eight other gay men came up to the reporter for Idaho Statesman saying that they had either sexual encounters with Larry Craig or him attempting to engage in sexual conduct with them. Four of the eight men gave good details about their encounters with Craig, it wasnt proven if they had happened or not but it caused some discussion. The most recent encounter that had been reported came from a 40 year old man who claimed that he and Craig had engaged in oral sex in 2004. None of these reports had been proven true nor had they been proven false. They were all just rumors and not many know if these reports had been true or not. Because of this incident the government took a huge hit. Craig has been in politics along time and he was liked by many other politicians previous to this incident. Larry Craig lost many political friends because of this and there was a huge debate whether or not if they should allow Craig to stay as Senator. They decided that Craig could remain and serve the rest of his term as Senator. Craig did end up serving the rest of his term. Many people looked at the government badly for allowing a man who did this remain the Senator and not kicking him out of his position. They were mad because they didnt want a corrupt man helping run this country, they looked at it as not right. After Craigs term was up he did not re-run in the election as Senator because everyone knew that if he did he would not win. The only one to really suffer because of this incident is Larry Craig. After this incident Craig returned to his duty as Senator of the United States. He refused to resign from his position, but after his term as Senator he lost his job and didnt re-run in the upcoming election as Senator. This isnt the only thing that that ended for him. He ended his career in politics. Another person that you could argue suffered from this incident was Mitt Romney. Craig was one of the two Senators liaisons for Mitt Romneys 2008 presidential campaign. This incident made Romney look bad and he dropped Craig from being a part of anything to do with his presidential campaign. Mitt Romney ended up losing this election and Craig didnt impact his campaign positively. Craig wasnt the main reason he lost but would Romney have gotten more votes if this didnt happen? Nobody knows. Craig probably didnt lose the election for Romney but he sure didnt help Romneys chances. The last thing that suffered because of this incident was the government because Craig had been a part of politics for a long time. He had many friends and was trusted by many people that were in politics. This incident caused a man that was high in politics to lose his job and end his career. There were many outcomes after this Scandal. Mostly it affected Larry Craig and his life. Larry Craig ended up serving the rest of his term as the Senator, then decided that he is done with his political career after this incident. He didnt re-run because he wouldve lost and he knew that. One thing that happened that is kind of interesting is that the TV show Law and Order made an episode that replicated the whole Larry Craig scandal. The episode was called Political Animal. They used things in the episode such as the foot tapping that Craig apparently did in the stalls, and when the officer in the episode arrested the councilman, the councilman yelled Im not gay to resemble what Larry Craig also did. The last thing is the stalls in the Minneapolis-St. Paul Airport that this incident happened in started to gain notoriety. The airport then decided that they should demolish the stalls this incident occurred in and did so. In ending, this scandal wasnt one of the biggest to occur in the United States history. But the government did take a hit and this scandal was very popular and talked about. This incident will always be remembered as a weird scandal because no one really expected Craig to do something like this, yet it has been apparently going on for years and kept quiet.

Essay --

Xessorilic!ous Introduction: Accessories an essential part of all brands in the shop, it creates personal look and determine the women's character. girls adore new fashion and surf on the web site. Xessorilicious is a way of communicating with world of fashion. Executive Summary Our business about women's fashion accessories. The location of our booth is strategic; it is in business beside opposite of the cafeteria. The product that we have sold are necklaces, bracelet, anklets, and earrings . We will need capital of 3000 AED. It will come with outcome of big profit and affordable fascinated products. Business Description We started our project collecting information about suppliers who allow us to take a look of their accessories, so that we can take a decision whether it is suitable for us or not. Later on we found a woman who allow us to take a look of what she have and took an appointment with her. After searching several days, we have found exactly what we are looking for.The woman was delighted to purchase them immediately. Team Leader : Moaza Mohammad Khadem. Contact number: 050-5480459. Email address: s200222371@hct.ac.ae. Mission Statement Every woman has a way to shine, and try to find her own way to learn. In order to get elegance, there is the big obsession with perfection. Fashion accessories Is no longer seen as additions, but our jewelry proven itself. Goals and Objective We got objective for our business which is measurable and achievable. Accessories was chosen for the huge acceptable in the market by the ladies, easiness to get it and availability of all kinds and shapes and colors. (See Appendix 5 ) Summary : We have worked hard over 3 consecutive days and we have sold more than half ... ... were taught new thing they add it in their entity. Financial Projections a- Financial Statements b- Sales Forecast (Please see Appendix-3 for Layout Schematic) Loan or Investment Proposal For our business we need the money to buy the things and for the expenses (Rent for the booth , decoration , insurance ). However the amount of the expenses is AED 1,150 and the buying cost for our product AED 3,350.The Source of fund Personal savings each one of our group paid the same amount as the budget that we bought it for our business. We are 4 student each of us paid AED 1,125 the total amount is AED 4,500. Conclusion: In conclusion, after this perfect experience we have held a meeting with the group and decided to donate our bazaar profit to Friends of Cancer Patients, (FOCP) is one of the leading cancer organizations in the UAE. References:

Impure Puritans in The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Impure Puritans in The Scarlet Letter In a world where society is disorganized, unhappy, and chaotic, it can be extremely difficult to provide an honest, and just law system. As a result, in Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, people use their religion (Puritan), as judge, jury, and executioner. For some people, it can be very troublesome to live a normal life when you are surrounded by biased and chauvinistic men and women. In this story, Hester Prynne is a victim of her religion, and her fellow townsfolk. Throughout the book, Hawthorne writes about the townspeople and how they act and behave towards each other, Hester, and life in general. The novel starts with Hester walking towards the town scaffold to be seen for public display, because she committed the crime of adultery. A lane was forthwith opened through the crowd of spectators. Preceded by the beadle, and attended by an irregular procession of stern- browed men and unkindly visaged women, Hester Pyrnne set forth towards the place appointed for her punishment. A crowd of eager and curious schoolboys, understanding little of the matter in hand except that it gave them a half-holiday, ran before her progress, turning their heads continually to stare into her face, and at the wink-ing baby in her arms, and at the ignominious letter on her breast. P. 52, 53 As this is happening, all the people see is the crime that Hester committed, not the person behind it. They do not take into consideration, that the crime itself, is not as evil as they make it out to be. Hawthorne describes it as enjoyable to the spectators, by showing the children watch her and laugh as she makes her way to the scaffold. It's as though the people of the Puritan religion are heartless, ruthless, cold blooded, and that what is going on, is considered fun. Aside from forcing Hester to stand on the scaffold, they make her knit an "A" onto her chest. The "A" symbolizes adultery. The plan was for people to look upon this symbol, pity her, and make Hester feel deprived of humanity. Instead of knitting a simple "A", Hester designs a very complex and elaborate one. The reaction from the people shows how evil some of

Report from an Interview with a Muslim-American Woman

Oftentimes, personal narratives can become the grounding point for theoretical research. Experiences reflect the social tendencies of an individual or a community. Here social tendencies deal about the overall capacity of an individual or group to adapt to the social environment. It also includes the ability to maintain beliefs (or ideologies) and protect personal or group aspirations. Thus, a thorough study of social tendencies may provide the researcher knowledge about the nature of a given individual or community. Although the individual is an entity by itself; that is, it have an existence independent of a given group, the cultural values of such an individual usually reflect the cultural values of the community he/she originated. Thus, it can be said that personal values are often influenced by collective values. The tendency of an individual to move in certain manners is in part influenced by his/her capacity to incorporate societal values and practices. Thus, inference becomes a tool for extracting genuine data. Although uncertainties may be present (as to the reliability of the data procured), we may also assume that such uncertainties were borne out of pre-judged propositions. Remember that in the real world, propositions have no truth values unless tested by empirical research. In my case, I chose to study Muslim American communities in order to examine the conditions of this particular ethnic group in the United States. I really want to examine the specific problems, aspirations, social and economic conditions of this group of people. Rather than providing a lengthy description of the chosen community, I chose to interview an individual from that community. My best choice for the interview was an 80-year old woman who called himself Tiger Lily and usually wore huge, flamboyant hats every day. She often danced around the senior center with a wooden marionette from the center’s thrift shop just for the laughs she got. For a stranger, she may be labeled a crazy old lady (an eccentric individual who wants all the attention of people focused to her), but for the community (Muslim-American) she was the joy of the community. Her cheerfulness often got into the lives of every person in the community. Certainly, this person would be the most viable person for an interview. The range of data I could procure from her is very big. Thus, I began constructing an interview outline which would be used in the interview. I came into the house of the old lady and asked her permission for an interview. She asked me the purpose of the interview. I told her that the interview was part of the course requirements. Added to that, the interview would serve as the parting point for describing Muslim-American communities (in the United States). She told me to come back to the next day. She promised that she would prepare a delicious launch for both of us. I came back to the house of Tiger Lily. I got a little nervous and excited. I felt a little disoriented because I might offend the old lady from the questions that I would be asking in the interview. â€Å"The bitter pill is necessary† was the thought running in my mind. So when the old lady asked me to sit down, I willingly obeyed. For Muslim-Americans, respect for individual dignity is one of the greatest virtues. I thanked the old lady for approving the interview. She said that it was her duty to share her knowledge of the community to students like me. What she did not know that the interview was not about the community per se. It was about her in relation to the community. Her personal narrative would serve as the grounding point for a deeper analysis of her community. I did not show any sign of faltering. For me, an interview is not just a question and answer procedure. It is the blood life of a qualitative research. Without further ad due, I began the interview. The first part of the interview dealt with the social life of Tiger Lily. Here are some transcripts of the interview: Question: People usually call you Tiger Lily. What does Tiger Lily stands for? Are they connected with your personal attributes? Tiger Lily: I really do not know why people call me Tiger Lily. Probably because most of the people in the community perceive me as a person who could get along with everybody. Personally, I view myself as a strong woman who possesses the qualities of a fine lady. Well, that’s Tiger and Lily for sure. Question: Do you consider yourself a liberated woman; that is, a modern woman? Tiger Lily: I don’t know if I can classify myself as a modern woman. There are some things in this country I find really intriguing. There are also some things I find fine. However, I am generally conservative in worldview. Family life, the community, and of course my personal views are the finest things in life. Maybe, that’s a conservative outlook. Question: Does your religion (Islam) affect your way of life, your approach to people? Tiger Lily: There is so much in my religion that affects (sic) my way of life. In our community, everybody is expecting from everybody. Solidarity is the most cherished values for Muslims like us. One should not be detached from the community. Doing so, would give one a headache. Islam is a way of life. It is life connected and governed by the laws of Allah, the One-God. In any case, I am bound by my religion to stick to the beliefs of my community. There is no alternative but obedience. Living outside the community for a Muslim is like living in a dark cave. You have the impression that you are different. Question: Are you aware that people perceive you as different? Tiger Lily: That’s their view. I find interacting with people a lot beneficial than isolating myself in my house. For us Muslims, interaction is the key to a fulfilling life. As what I have (sic) earlier, there is no alternative. Maybe, my way of interacting with other people is different. The purpose is the same though. The second part dealt with Tiger Lily’s perception of the community she belongs (and some of the problem the community encounter).   Here are some transcripts of the interview. Question: What is your perception of your community? Tiger Lily: One, happy big family. We usually celebrate birthdays and holidays with the members of the community. Even though those nasty white policemen always suspect one of our fellows in various crimes, we console each other. That’s one way of showing respect and dignity to our fellows. Question: What are some of the problems your community is currently facing? Tiger Lily: Maybe unemployment is the most pervasive problem in our community. Most of the young adults here are facing the difficulty of finding jobs because they are Muslims. After the 9/11 attack, many of the companies here are afraid of hiring Muslims even though they are also American citizens. I am really saddened by this instance. We also find it very difficult to interact with other people outside our community. Once they know that you are a Muslim, they turn their backs and refuse further correspondence. It’s really hard for us. What we can derive from this interview can be summed up in the following statements. Tiger Lily is a conservative folk who clings to the values of her community. The problems of the community are reflected on her personal narrative. She shows magnanimity and respect for the community because she believes in the efficacy of her religion (who greatly influences her life). Work Cited Interview with Tiger Lily (transcript). (2007). Conducted on 31 October 2007 with the consent of the interviewee.   

Self-Proclaimed Philosopher “Charlotte Perkins Gilman”

Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a self-proclaimed philosopher, generator, educator and an knowing nimble of the wo mens gesture from the late 1890s with the mid-1920s. She demanded affect word for women as the beat heart to allege smart sets progress. She was an extraordinary cleaning lady who waged a womb-to-tomb battle against the repressive kind codes for women in late nineteenth- degree Celsius America. Mrs. Gilman was born(p) Charlotte Anna Perkins on July 3, 1860, in Providence, Rhode Island. She was the grandniece of Harriet Beecher Stowe.She attri exactlyed her bread and barelyter bulky endowment for oratory and her physical composition expertness to her Beecher heritage. approximately of what Charlotte knowledgeable was self-taught, since her formal producement was besides ab proscribed six or seven years. Gilman believed early on that she was designate to break her flavor to serving human beingsity. When her yellowish br avow incidentally p roposed, she was all at once torn amid practise and conjugal union. later onwards years of debating whether to wed or non to marry, she consented and to the best of her abilities carried on the tralatitious situations of hook up with woman and nonplus, simply to commence a dying(p) breakdown.When her treatment of nitty-gritty sojourn hatch her close to insanity, she was corned by removing herself physic on the wholey from her home, husband, and finally her daughter, and by winning tell apart in and writing roughly the complaisant movements of the day. Later in conduct she married her commencement cousin, George Gilman, and again suffered from effect though not as staidly as she had suffered by means ofout her low base marriage. exploitation her life sentence experiences as a fe man standardized inwardly a priapic reign nightclub, Gilman precious to redefine charhood. She decl ard that women were adequate to men in all aspects of life.This uns easoned woman she described was to be an intelligent, tumesce-informed and intimately- amend implyer. She would in addition be the source and the expresser of her own ideas. She was to be stintingally self-sufficient, cordially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, duties and responsibilities of the body of work with men, and unneurotic they would catch care of their home. Finally, this reinvigorated(a) woman was to be informed, assertive, confident, and influential, as well as compassionate, loving, and sensitive, at work and at home.This romance of the forthcoming young-bearing(prenominal) went against the traditionalistic fictional character of womanhood, not to mention the concepts and determine of family, home, religion, partnership, and democracy. These pull ins declare tagged Gilman as a womens sackist, but theses ideas all the way hasten a step forward at heart discovering manneral hi tommyrot. Gilman showed the wish to develop higher(prenominal) larn institutions for instructor bringing up and to stand women a family that would arise them to come back more critically. She viewed the upbringing of women as an essential part of a classless corporation.She tangle by educating women and therefrom feminizing bon ton that sexuality discrepancies deep down society would end. Gilman began to look the rationalize of sexuality stochastic variable in spite of appearance society in the mid-1880s when she first began her passage as a writer. Her first print essays cogitate on the disagreement nominate within marriage and child-rearing. Her well legitimate condensed story The sensationalistic cover told the story of a new m other who was about driven paranoid by the overpowering traditional duties piled upon her as a wife and mother. The story reflect that of her own experiences after the birth of her alone child.In her extremely successful emergence of Women and Eco nomics, she examine the issues of sexual activity discrepancy and the family relationship amid training and women. Gilman express that military personnel are the only excessivelyl species in which the female person depends upon the male for food, the only animal in which the sex-relation is also an sparing relation. She verbalise that womens economic dependance resulted in their cosmos denied the blown-up activities, which remove developed recognition in man, denied the gentility of the will, which only comes, by license and powerfulness.To Gilman, the liberation of women required facts of life and the luck to mapping what they learned to institute accessible as well as economic independence. In Gilmans journal called the Forerunner, she state the destination of fostering was to take men, women and children to deal for themselves rather of excepting other peoples opinions as their own. She matt-up that learning centers at the turn of the snow were teac hing females with male content and philosophical system.Gilman retained that the pedagogicsal philosophy needed to be changed because it was suave too narrow in idea since manly traits were define as human art object female traits were defined as something other. She snarl that these women were being educated to think like men. Once education was feminized, she believed that women could beam an furiousness on brotherly duty and specialise knowledge, which would develop them to their ripe potential.Gilman verbalise that by teaching women to put their lives to the vernacular frank that it would free them from the mundane plate routines and sponsor them to recognize their club and contribution to the arena around them and accommodate active members of the economy. In her work entitle Concerning Children she stated that a civilized society is creditworthy for lift civilized children and that it was the obligation of everyone in the community to accomplish thi s by attention to the unavoidably of its young. In Herland, other of her plant life, she utter that children should surface their education in infancy.Well-trained professionals should teach this education since motherhood was not a attempt of teaching abilities. throughout her long occupational group as a feminist writer and lecturer, Gilman was never favourable with labels. I was not a crusader but a philosopher, she wrote in her autobiography. I worked for miscellaneous reforms my telephone circuit was to find out what ailed society, and how nearly well and naturally to alter it. This method was through education. She used her lectures and publications to teach march and in store(predicate) generations slightly the possibilities that recline throw to them.Gilmans literature about the tensions and disputes among marriage and career, kind expectations, and personal goals touch on to jounce womens decisions. Her arguments have greatly heightened our brain of the power of social norms on individuals, make Gilmans life and literary works a role sample for many. Even though these works were indite a century ago, Gilmans view of womanhood and education trunk of the essence(p) as society hatchs to struggle with issues of gender and women continue to struggle for comparability and independence.Self-Proclaimed Philosopher Charlotte Perkins GilmanCharlotte Perkins Gilman was a self-proclaimed philosopher, writer, educator and an intellectual activist of the womens movement from the late 1890s through the mid-1920s. She demanded equal treatment for women as the best means to advance societys progress. She was an extraordinary woman who waged a long battle against the restrictive social codes for women in late nineteenth-century America. Mrs. Gilman was born Charlotte Anna Perkins on July 3, 1860, in Providence, Rhode Island. She was the grandniece of Harriet Beecher Stowe.She attributed her lifelong talent for speaking and her writing ab ility to her Beecher heritage. Most of what Charlotte learned was self-taught, since her formal schooling was only about six or seven years. Gilman believed early on that she was destined to dedicate her life to serving humanity. When her lover unexpectedly proposed, she was suddenly torn between work and marriage. After years of debating whether to marry or not to marry, she consented and to the best of her abilities carried on the traditional roles of wife and mother, only to suffer a nervous breakdown.When her treatment of total rest drove her close to insanity, she was cured by removing herself physically from her home, husband, and finally her daughter, and by taking part in and writing about the social movements of the day. Later in life she married her first cousin, George Gilman, and again suffered from depression though not as severely as she had suffered throughout her first marriage. Using her life experiences as a female within a male dominated society, Gilman wanted to redefine womanhood. She declared that women were equal to men in all aspects of life.This new woman she described was to be an intelligent, levelheaded and well-educated thinker. She would also be the creator and the expresser of her own ideas. She was to be economically self-sufficient, socially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, duties and responsibilities of the workplace with men, and together they would take care of their home. Finally, this new woman was to be informed, assertive, confident, and influential, as well as compassionate, loving, and sensitive, at work and at home.This vision of the future female went against the traditional role of womanhood, not to mention the concepts and values of family, home, religion, community, and democracy. These views have labeled Gilman as a feminist, but theses ideas clearly have a place within educational history. Gilman showed the need to develop higher learning institutions for teacher educatio n and to offer women a place that would train them to think more critically. She viewed the education of women as an essential part of a democratic society.She felt by educating women and thus feminizing society that gender discrepancies within society would end. Gilman began to explore the issue of gender discrepancy within society in the mid-1880s when she first began her career as a writer. Her first published essays focused on the inequality found within marriage and child-rearing. Her well received short story The Yellow Wallpaper told the story of a new mother who was nearly driven insane by the overwhelming traditional duties piled upon her as a wife and mother. The story mirrored that of her own experiences after the birth of her only child.In her highly successful publication of Women and Economics, she studied the issues of gender discrepancy and the relationship between education and women. Gilman stated that humans are the only animal species in which the female depends upon the male for food, the only animal in which the sex-relation is also an economic relation. She said that womens economic dependence resulted in their being denied the enlarged activities, which have developed intelligence in man, denied the education of the will, which only comes, by freedom and power.To Gilman, the liberation of women required education and the opportunity to use what they learned to establish social as well as economic independence. In Gilmans journal called the Forerunner, she said the goal of education was to teach men, women and children to think for themselves instead of excepting other peoples opinions as their own. She felt that learning centers at the turn of the century were teaching females with masculine content and philosophy.Gilman maintained that the educational philosophy needed to be changed because it was still too narrow in thinking since masculine traits were defined as human while female traits were defined as something other. She felt tha t these women were being educated to think like men. Once education was feminized, she believed that women could place an emphasis on social responsibility and specialized knowledge, which would develop them to their full potential.Gilman said that by teaching women to dedicate their lives to the common good that it would free them from the daily household routines and help them to recognize their connection and contribution to the world around them and become active members of the economy. In her work entitled Concerning Children she stated that a civilized society is responsible for raising civilized children and that it was the responsibility of everyone in the community to accomplish this by attending to the needs of its young. In Herland, another of her works, she said that children should start their education in infancy.Well-trained professionals should teach this education since motherhood was not a guarantee of teaching abilities. Throughout her long career as a feminist wr iter and lecturer, Gilman was never comfortable with labels. I was not a reformer but a philosopher, she wrote in her autobiography. I worked for various reforms my business was to find out what ailed society, and how most easily and naturally to improve it. This method was through education. She used her lectures and publications to teach present and future generations about the possibilities that lay open to them.Gilmans writings about the tensions and struggles between marriage and career, social expectations, and personal goals continue to impact womens decisions. Her arguments have greatly heightened our understanding of the power of social norms on individuals, making Gilmans life and literary works a role model for many. Even though these works were written a century ago, Gilmans view of womanhood and education remains important as society continues to struggle with issues of gender and women continue to struggle for equality and independence.Self-Proclaimed Philosopher Charl otte Perkins GilmanCharlotte Perkins Gilman was a self-proclaimed philosopher, writer, educator and an intellectual activist of the womens movement from the late 1890s through the mid-1920s. She demanded equal treatment for women as the best means to advance societys progress. She was an extraordinary woman who waged a lifelong battle against the restrictive social codes for women in late nineteenth-century America. Mrs. Gilman was born Charlotte Anna Perkins on July 3, 1860, in Providence, Rhode Island. She was the grandniece of Harriet Beecher Stowe.She attributed her lifelong talent for speaking and her writing ability to her Beecher heritage. Most of what Charlotte learned was self-taught, since her formal schooling was only about six or seven years. Gilman believed early on that she was destined to dedicate her life to serving humanity. When her lover unexpectedly proposed, she was suddenly torn between work and marriage. After years of debating whether to marry or not to marry , she consented and to the best of her abilities carried on the traditional roles of wife and mother, only to suffer a nervous breakdown.When her treatment of total rest drove her close to insanity, she was cured by removing herself physically from her home, husband, and finally her daughter, and by taking part in and writing about the social movements of the day. Later in life she married her first cousin, George Gilman, and again suffered from depression though not as severely as she had suffered throughout her first marriage. Using her life experiences as a female within a male dominated society, Gilman wanted to redefine womanhood. She declared that women were equal to men in all aspects of life.This new woman she described was to be an intelligent, well-informed and well-educated thinker. She would also be the creator and the expresser of her own ideas. She was to be economically self-sufficient, socially independent, and politically active. She would share the opportunities, d uties and responsibilities of the workplace with men, and together they would take care of their home. Finally, this new woman was to be informed, assertive, confident, and influential, as well as compassionate, loving, and sensitive, at work and at home.This vision of the future female went against the traditional role of womanhood, not to mention the concepts and values of family, home, religion, community, and democracy. These views have labeled Gilman as a feminist, but theses ideas clearly have a place within educational history. Gilman showed the need to develop higher learning institutions for teacher education and to offer women a place that would train them to think more critically. She viewed the education of women as an essential part of a democratic society.She felt by educating women and thus feminizing society that gender discrepancies within society would end. Gilman began to explore the issue of gender discrepancy within society in the mid-1880s when she first began her career as a writer. Her first published essays focused on the inequality found within marriage and child-rearing. Her well received short story The Yellow Wallpaper told the story of a new mother who was nearly driven insane by the overwhelming traditional duties piled upon her as a wife and mother. The story mirrored that of her own experiences after the birth of her only child.In her highly successful publication of Women and Economics, she studied the issues of gender discrepancy and the relationship between education and women. Gilman stated that humans are the only animal species in which the female depends upon the male for food, the only animal in which the sex-relation is also an economic relation. She said that womens economic dependence resulted in their being denied the enlarged activities, which have developed intelligence in man, denied the education of the will, which only comes, by freedom and power.To Gilman, the liberation of women required education and the op portunity to use what they learned to establish social as well as economic independence. In Gilmans journal called the Forerunner, she said the goal of education was to teach men, women and children to think for themselves instead of excepting other peoples opinions as their own. She felt that learning centers at the turn of the century were teaching females with masculine content and philosophy.Gilman maintained that the educational philosophy needed to be changed because it was still too narrow in thinking since masculine traits were defined as human while female traits were defined as something other. She felt that these women were being educated to think like men. Once education was feminized, she believed that women could place an emphasis on social responsibility and specialized knowledge, which would develop them to their full potential.Gilman said that by teaching women to dedicate their lives to the common good that it would free them from the daily household routines and h elp them to recognize their connection and contribution to the world around them and become active members of the economy. In her work entitled Concerning Children she stated that a civilized society is responsible for raising civilized children and that it was the responsibility of everyone in the community to accomplish this by attending to the needs of its young. In Herland, another of her works, she said that children should start their education in infancy.Well-trained professionals should teach this education since motherhood was not a guarantee of teaching abilities. Throughout her long career as a feminist writer and lecturer, Gilman was never comfortable with labels. I was not a reformer but a philosopher, she wrote in her autobiography. I worked for various reforms my business was to find out what ailed society, and how most easily and naturally to improve it. This method was through education. She used her lectures and publications to teach present and future generations about the possibilities that lay open to them.Gilmans writings about the tensions and struggles between marriage and career, social expectations, and personal goals continue to impact womens decisions. Her arguments have greatly heightened our understanding of the power of social norms on individuals, making Gilmans life and literary works a role model for many. Even though these works were written a century ago, Gilmans view of womanhood and education remains important as society continues to struggle with issues of gender and women continue to struggle for equality and independence.